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tableau exercises Building Text Tables

In Tableau, you typically create text tables (also called cross-tabs or pivot tables) by placing one dimension on the Rows shelf and another dimension on the Columns shelf. You then complete the view by dragging one or more measures to Text on the Marks card.

A text table uses the text mark type. Tableau uses this mark type automatically if the view is constructed using only dimensions (assuming the Mark type is set to Automatic).

To create a text table that shows sales totals by year and category, follow these steps:

1. Connect to the Sample - Superstore data source, which is included with Tableau Desktop.
2. Drag the Order Date dimension to Columns.
   The date is automatically aggregated by year, and column headers are created.
3. Drag the Sub-Category dimension to Rows.
   Row headers are created. Columns with headers plus rows with headers means that a valid table structure now exists. You must now add a measure to the view to see actual data (that is, numbers).
4. Drag the Sales measure to Text on the Marks card.
   The measure is automatically aggregated as a sum. The resulting view looks like this:
   
   Tableau automatically uses text as the mark type. Each cell in the table displays the sum of the sales for a particular year and sub-category.
   We can see that the Chairs and Phones sub-categories had the highest sales in every year.
5. Drag the Region dimension to Rows and drop it to the left of Sub-Category. Do this by positioning Region to the left of Sub-Category until you see a small triangle indicating that the new field will be inserted to the left of the existing field:
   
   The view updates to break out sales by region, in addition to year and sub-category:
   
   Regions are listed alphabetically. If you drop Regionto the right of Sub-Category, the view is organized first by sub-category, and then by region:
   
   You can use a table calculation to show percentages of total instead of raw dollar values. The key question with a table calculation is how to frame the calculation—the more dimensions in your view, the more complicated this question can become. In the current case there are three dimensions in the view—Order Date, Sub-Category, and Region. You could show percentages of total for a single dimension, but that can be unwieldy. For example, if you show percentages just by region, the percentages would be calculated across the two remaining dimensions: Sub-Category (there are 17 sub-categories) and Year(Order Date) (there are 4 years). So you would be dividing the total 17 x 4 = 68 ways. That would make for some tiny percentages. What might be useful is to show percentages using two dimensions: Year(Order Date) and Region. Then the percentages would be calculated on the remaining dimension: Sub-Category. To put that in visual terms, you would be calculating percent of total within each red box in the following image:
   
   The dimensions that you use to frame your calculation are called the addressing fields, and the fields (in this case a single field) in which you run your calculation are the partition fields. For more information on these concepts, see Addressing and Partitioning.
6. To create a table calculation to show percentages, right-click (control-click on Mac) the SUM(Sales) field on the Marks card, and then select Add Table Calculation:
   
7. In the Table Calculation dialog box, set Calculation Type to Percent of Total.
   The options in the dialog box change depending on the type of calculation you choose:
   
   For more information on the options in the Table Calculation dialog box, see Using Table Calculations in the Tableau Knowledge Base.
8. For the Calculation definition, select Pane (Down), and then click OK to close the Table Calculation dialog box.
   Now we see percentages calculated within each sub-category, duplicated for each year within each region. The numbers within each red box add up to 100%:
   
   Pane (Down) is the correct choice because it specifies that the calculation should be performed from top to bottom within each pane of the table. The table has two vertical dimensions, so Table (Down) would have calculated the percent of total from top to bottom for the entire table, ignoring the Region dimension. The pane is always the finest level of detail for the relevant direction (across or down). If you had three dimensions on the vertical axis, you might have had to use field names to define the calculation, since only the dimension furthest to the left on the Rows shelf (defined as Table) and the dimension furthest to the right (defined as Pane) could be captured with the structural options.
   These concepts can be daunting. One solution is to use trial-and-error to see the results of different definitions for table calculations. But you should have a clear idea of what result you want, so that you can recognize it when you see it.

tableau exercises Building Bar Charts

Bar charts are a great way to compare data across categories. In Tableau, you typically create a bar chart by placing a dimension on the Rows shelf, and a measure on the Columns shelf, or vice-versa.

A bar chart uses the bar mark type. Tableau automatically selects this mark type when the data view matches one of the two field arrangements shown below, provided the Marks type is set to Automatic. You can add additional fields on these shelves, and Tableau will not change the chart type.

Creates Vertical Bars	Creates Horizontal Bars

Alternatively, you can manually select Bar from the Marks drop-down list for any data view. For more information about bar marks, see Bar Mark.

To create a bar chart that displays total sales over a four-year period, follow these steps:

1. Connect to the Sample - Superstore data source, which is included with Tableau Desktop.
2. Drag the Order Date dimension to Columns.
   The data is automatically aggregated by year and column headers are displayed.
3. Drag the Sales measure to Rows.
   The measure is automatically aggregated as a sum and an axis is created. The column headers are moved to the bottom of the view.
   Tableau automatically selects Line as the mark type because of the date dimension.
   
4. On the Marks card, from drop-down list of view types, select Bar.
   
   This changes the view to a bar chart.
   
   The marks (bars) are vertical because the axis is vertical. The length of each mark represents the sum of the sales for that year. For example, the sum of the sales in 2014 is $733,947, which you can verify by hovering the mouse cursor over that column:
   
7. Drag the Ship Mode dimension to Color on the Marks card.
   The view shows how different shipping modes have contributed to total sales over time. The ratios seem consistent from year to year:
   
8. Drag the Region dimension to Rows, and drop it to the left of Sales to produce multiple axes for sales by region. 
   
9. If you want to view data in the West region only, you can filter out the other regions, either temporarily or permanently. To do this, drag theRegion dimension again, this time from the Data pane to the Filters shelf.
   
10. This opens the Filter [Region] dialog box. Clear the Central, East, and South check boxes, and then click OK:
Your final view should look like this:

This view gives you enough information to answer some questions about your data—for example, how has ship mode changed in the West over the four-year period. But answers only lead to more questions, and you can go on developing the view for as long as you like.

What's New in Tableau Desktop 9.0

The following new features and enhancements have been added to Tableau Desktop for version 9.0.

• New start page experience
• Pivot
• Split fields into multiple fields
• Metadata area
• Data Interpreter
• New data sources and enhancements to existing data sources
• Analytics pane
• Recalculated lines
• New calculation features
• Story point formatting
• Advanced selection tools
• Map search
• Configurable tooltip behavior

New start page experience

The start page in Tableau Desktop is a central location from which you can connect to your data, access most recently used workbooks, and explore content produced by the Tableau community. For more information, see Start Page.

Pivot

Pivot your Microsoft Excel and text file data sources from crosstab format to columnar format. For more information, see Pivot Data (from Columns to Rows).

Split fields into multiple fields

Split existing string fields into new fields. For more information, see Split a Field into Multiple Fields.

SPLIT is also available as a Tableau function, for use in calculated fields. For more information, see String Functions.

Metadata area

Perform bulk management tasks, like hiding multiple fields at once, using the metadata area. For more information, see Data Source Page.

Data Interpreter

Detect and remove unique formatting and extraneous information in your Excel data sources. For more information, see Microsoft Excel.

New data sources and enhancements to existing data sources

New: Amazon EMR

Use the Amazon EMR connector to connect to an Amazon Elastic MapReduce (EMR) database. For more information, see Amazon EMR.

New: Spark SQL

Use the Spark SQL connector to connect to a Spark SQL cluster (requires Apache Spark 1.2.1 or later). For more information, see Spark SQL.

New: Statistical File

Use the Statistical File connector to connect to SAS (*.sas7bdat), SPSS (*.sav), and R (*.rdata, *.rda) data files. For more information, see Statistical File.

Enhanced: MySQL

SSL encryption is supported. Mac drivers are now included in the TableauDrivers.dmg file. For more information, see MySQL.

Enhanced: Salesforce

The Salesforce connector now supports more flexible joins. You can create joins on any string fields in addition to fields that are constrained references between tables. For more information, see Salesforce.

Enhanced: SAP NetWeaver Business Warehouse (BW)

The SAP NetWeaver Business Warehouse connector has been updated to include support for variables. For more information, see SAP NetWeaver Business Warehouse.

Tableau Data Extracts

Tableau Data Extracts are no longer listed on the Connect pane. Use Other Files to connect to a Tableau Data Extract. For more information, see Other Files.

Windows Azure Marketplace

To connect to Windows Azure Marketplace, use the OData connector. Workbooks created in earlier versions of Tableau that used the Windows Azure Marketplace DataMarket connector will work as expected. For more information, see OData.

Analytics pane

The Analytics pane, on the left side of the Tableau workspace, provides quick and easy access to common analytic objects in Tableau. You can drag reference lines, forecasts, trend lines, and other objects into your view from the Analytics pane.

For more information, see Analytics Pane.

Recalculated lines

Recalculated lines help you gain insight into how a subset of your data compares to the overall data in your view. For more information, see Marks and Data Analysis.

New calculation features

The following features were added to Tableau Desktop to enhance the experience of creating and using calculated fields.

Non-modal calculation editor

The calculation editor has been redesigned to provide interactive editing, intelligent formula-completion, and drag-and-drop support. The calculation editor is now also available when you're editing a view in Tableau Server or Tableau Online.

For more information, see Create or Edit a Calculated Field.

Ad-hoc calculations

Ad-hoc calculations are calculations that you can create and update on a shelf in the view. Ad-hoc calculations can be useful for testing a hunch, trying a what-if scenario, or debugging a complex calculation.

For more information, see Ad-Hoc Calculations.

Auto-completion for formulas

As you type a formula, either in the calculation editor or in an ad-hoc calculation, Tableau displays a list of options for completing the formula.

For more information, see Auto-Completion for Formulas.

Level of detail expressions

Level of detail expressions support aggregation using dimensions other than those in the view. With level of detail expressions, you can attach one or more dimensions to any aggregate expression.

For more information, see Level of Detail Expressions.

Functions for regular expressions

Four new functions have been added to the calculation language to support regular expressions.

For more information, see functions beginning with REGEXP in Additional Functions.

Functions for hexagonal binning

Hexagonal binning is a technique for clustering data in a two-dimensional plane. Two new functions have been added to the calculation language to support hexagonal binning. These functions support binning data in a single dimension using histograms, or by a geographic level of detail in a map.

For more information, see functions beginning with HEXBIN in Number Functions.

Story point formatting

You can now re-size the captions in your story, change the shading and font of the navigator, and select to fit a dashboard to the exact size of a story in your workbook. For more information, see Format a Story.

Advanced selection tools

Use the Radial, Rectangular, and Lasso tools on the view toolbar to select multiple marks in the view. For more information, see View Toolbar.

Map search

Use map search to find locations on a map view so you can quickly explore and inspect data. For more information, see Set Map Search Options.

Configurable tooltip behavior

Show tooltips instantly as you move the mouse over the marks in a view or configure tooltips to display only after resting the mouse on a mark. For more information, see Tooltip.

Welcome to Tableau Desktop 9.0

This Online Help system contains the complete product documentation for using Tableau Desktop on Windows.

Getting Started - learn the basic concepts in Tableau.

Connect to Data - connect to data, join tables, extract data, and manage queries.

Building Data Views - drag and drop fields to create views of your data, then refine the view.

Do More with Views- enhance basic views, inspect your data, and more.

Maps - assign geographic roles, build basic map views, explore data in maps, and more.

Dashboards - create and organize dashboards.

Stories - create and customize stories, then publish them to the web, or present them to an audience.

Advanced Analysis - create custom fields, use the built in statistical tools, and more.

Publishing and Sharing - format and annotate the view, then export or publish it to share with others.

Reference - understand Tableau functions, shortcuts, tips and tricks, the glossary, and more.

Build-It-Yourself Exercises - browse examples to learn how to build specific types of views.